Personal Experiences and Public Issues by C.W.Mills_ Essay

The sociological imagination is the ability to see how sociological situation play out as to how people vary in terms of their situation in given historical or social circumstances. The sociological imagination therefore includes the thoughtful of the interconnections that enlighten the fabric of individual societies. However, this things people do are shaped by the condition people are in, the values, the way people around act, and how that all connect to some kind of result. However, discussing about ‘public issues’, it is generally caused by or the failure of one more of society’s institutions or the structure of society. As such, the sociological imagination is the aptitude to shift from one perception to another. For a person to do so, Mills supposed, would enable person to use the sociological imagination to link â€Å"personal troubles to public issues.† It’s common for students to run into serious â€Å"personal troubles† at some point in the course of a semester. These personal troubles are not simply justification to try and get an addition on an assignment, but serious predicament that may prevent students from continuing in class or with their schooling entirely. Let’s reflect on how these â€Å"personal troubles† can be connected with â€Å"public issues.† One semester, a student who had been incredibly interested in class almost stopped attending. She was completing the main course assignments, but the standards of the work had turn down since she had not been attending classes. It’s really convincing to imagine that this student was simply careless, maybe a person or partier who did not take her learning seriously. Later established that, something tough was going on, more than simply her personal failure, she ultimately came to office, almost in tears. She was almost graduating and wanted to perform well in class. She would be the first person in her people to graduate from university, and wanted to be a role model for her youthful siblings. Then understood why: she was trying to feed them on her own. She had been bought in foster care, had â€Å"matured† of the system, and was working hard to keep the family in cooperation.   With no older family members or parents available, she had no financial or emotional support. She was afraid because once she was not a student she would probably no longer be able to stay in student housing and was experiencing the prospect of becoming homeless at the end of the semester. In student words, she was â€Å"freaking out.† On peak of her very reasonable fear of being homeless, the one aim in life that she took pride in, that offered her possibility of a better life, her schooling, seemed to become devastating. Definitely, for this student, these were extremely personal troubles, one she suffered embarrassed about and struggle to keep private until she wanted to ask for sponsor. But they also duplicate serious public issues. Countless juvenile may find themselves in related situations, and many encounter to find a place to live. Living in a luxurious urban area is as well a public issue, where accommodation can be hard to get, and is extremely expensive. The average rent for Los Angeles region is about $1040. A student making California’s lowest wage of $7 an hour and operating 20 hours a week is expected to earn simply under $560 a month prior to taxes and would probably need two roommates to pay a one bedroom house at this cost.   When the â€Å"housing bubbles† separate, many people lost their condominiums or homes, leading them to overflow the rental market, increasing prices and competition in a formerly tight housing market. This public issue happens greatly on student. Shifting to a different lower-priced city may seem like a answer to this private complexity, but considering public issues would help in understanding why this can not be a good suggestion. First, her restricted family ties are in this region, as are her links for social services like case personnel she may still have from foster care. Shifting to another town would also deracinate her from any companionship network she may have for maintenance too. Additional students over the time have experienced other personal troubles that are evidently associated with public issues. As a college student, or people they know are likely to get through personal troubles linked with public issues, whether it is struggling with the rising cost of tuition and accumulating debt or wondering how they can fit into the broader labor market. Using sociological imagination will help them better understand why personal crises are often rooted in social circumstances. Sociology not only helps people analyze current and existing patterns of social life, but it also helps to see some of the possible futures open. Through the sociological imagination, people can see not only what is the case, but also what could become the case should a person desire to make it that way. References Mills, C. W. (1959). The Sociological Imagination. London: Oxford University Press, Giddens, Anthony. (1996). â€Å"Sociological Imagination.† Introduction to Sociology. 1996. Karl Bakeman. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc, Source document

John Locke and Land Ownership Essay

John Locke in The Second Treatise of Civil Government makes several key arguments about what makes land ownable, these ideologies differ from how land ownership works in America but it is easy to see how America’s early days could have aligned with this ideology. In this paper I will focus on two key principles that Locke believed in that are basic requirements for land ownership. The first of these is that land ownership is obtained through labor and that items on the land have no value until labor is applied and the second describes government’s role in land ownership as simply being that the labor applied to land precedes government and government cannot dispose of the estates of the subjects arbitrarily and instead should be limited to securing the life and property of its citizens, and is only necessary because in an ideal, anarchic state of nature, various problems arise that would make life more insecure than under the protection of a minimal state. These two principles allow for the easy identification of claimed lands. While at the same time provide the motivation and encouragement to individuals so that they will want to find land that they can then harness through labor and thus make their own land. It is because of these reasons and more that land ownership through labor is a must for a successful society and a functioning government. In order to ensure that these principles are being viewed and judge from the same sense of meaning a few key words need to be defined as used in this paper. The term land ownership is vital to this paper and its meaning will be defined as, â€Å"the owner of contiguous property that has been improved upon from nature to provide for one’s living†. The term labor will only be used in reference to labor upon an individual’s land and will reference, â€Å"human time and effort put in to a particular task†. The term government will reference only the actual ruling body that â€Å"influences daily life based on policies and procedures they enact†. At the last term reward will refer to, â€Å"an item or exchange of labor promised or normally expected given in exchange for labor or with no expectation of any kind of return. The principle that labor is a prerequisite to land ownership fits in perfectly with the needs and situation of the early American nation. Outside of key city areas a majority of this nation’s land was unclaimed and unused bearing none of the fruits of labor and essentially leaving all of its value unclaimed and untouched. With a bounty of land larger than anyone person could actually work and apply labor to, it made sense to encourage land expansion. With land expansion individuals could claim land through labor and the value and goods on that land would no longer go to waste as unused items that could have benefitted society as a whole. The second principle helps to place limits on what the government can do once a parcel of land is owned by an individual. It is safe to say that any reasonable person would not like to see their possessions and livelihood wiped away with one fell swoop, but if governments have no restrictions in the use of their power it would be all too easy to force someone from their land, effectively robbing them of all their possessions and the livelihood that past labor has brought them. This is why Locke insisted that the government role in land owner ship remain limited in scope only to the extent that is needed to ensure this doesn’t happen. Without this assurance from governmental takeover acts similar to his could become standard practice. An unjust government might routinely perform these actions, unjustly claiming the land. This would result in a diminishment of the value of labor and would remove the incentives to work land and would result in a decrease in goods. Because of this looming threat it is clear that government must have some restrictions on acquiring land to avoid unjust actions and encourage a general sense of trust and security in the government. A government that is without citizens that have some sort of trust and security provided by having a reliable, continual and trustworthy shelter is bound to fail since this is a basic need of humans in general. Modern science can help prove the stress and additional energy expenditure humans endure if they can’t find a sense of comfort, safety and belonging a study performed by Dr. Gilman while at Princeton University showed, â€Å"humans that are in constant fear of loss of shelter expend an average of 2900 calories daily† (Gilman 03/01/2012), along with this extra energy expenditure a lack of shelter creates stress that in turn creates a reduction in productivity. This stress can actually change the human brain reaction method resulting in it , â€Å"going from more sophisticated but slower modes to the faster behaviors of the older brains when we are under stress† (Gilman 03/01/2012). This change in brain behavior limits creative thinking and essentially devolves human thought to a lower state this combined with the increased calories expenditure creates a vast pool of diminished talent that when viewed in a large scale population level, results in a huge waste of resources that could be easily reduced by the assurance of land ownership and security. The easiest way for a government to meet this need is to let individuals provide additional goods to society by applying labor to their land thereby reducing their energy requirements and providing goods for the benefit of all. With all the complications that are possible when it comes to providing for the needs of the many, it only makes to allow individuals the freedom of land ownership that will help reduce their needs while simultaneously benefitting others. This notion of having some sort of fruit from your labor is fundamental to increasing one’s value and having a desire to perform work that can be beneficial to all. A study from Yale University performed by Dr. Greene helps to illustrate just how deeply rooted this concept is into human psychology, an individual will work perform work equivalent to their valuation of a reward. The study was meant to determine the amount of work an individual would perform without a reward versus the amount of work performed for a reward. The study concluded that, â€Å"any individual who was assigned a tasked performed that task to completion with more detail and more efficiently when rewarded as compared to no reward† (Mark et al. 1978). This study helps to demonstrate that human psychology insists that any individual will perform more work and therefore be a more productive member of society if only that individual receives something for the labor they put in. As mentioned earlier if an individual lives under constant threat of having everything taken from them it is essentially making them perform labor on their land without a reward resulting in less work being performed and less goods for all of mankind, the only solution that removes this fear is placing limits on when and if a government can take someone’s land from them. With removal of this fear an individual can and likely will utilize labor to its fullest extend thereby adding value to the land. It is clear that the benefits of land ownership as defined through the use of labor allows for the creation of the best society possible, one that can help to provide for mankind as a whole, increase the value and abilities of its citizens that actively partake and utilizes the resources at hand to the best of its abilities without waste and undue stress. A society that is free of these constraints and provided with the best possible reward for work and sense of security can only flourish and enjoy the fruits of their labor helping to create the best future possible. Works Cited: Gilman, Robert. Context Institute, â€Å"The Inside Story Understanding the structure of the brain. † Last modified 03/01/2012. Accessed September 22, 2012. Mark, Lepper, and Greene David. Lawrence Erlbaum, â€Å"The Hidden costs of reward : new perspectives of the psychology of human motivation. † Last modified 1978. Accessed September 22, 2012.

A firework display Essay

The dull, murky water of Lake Windermere was surrounded by the happiness and laughter of the anticipating audience. Children spontaneously danced round the hypnotising bonfire, only to be outshone by the dazzling fireworks as they spiralled into the pitch black sky. Fragrant delicious smells filtered through the air as food was prepared. Bright lights and heckles from the games stalls lured the children in like a lion to its prey. Bonfire Night at Lake Windermere is a night to be remembered! Fireworks lit up the sky like the neon glow of the Northern lights. The sounds and colours exploding from them were phenomenal. A colossal rocket pierced the night sky as it crackled and popped skyward to its doom. Catherine wheels spun like banshees trying to escape the clutches of its captor, finally slowing to an undramatic end. Sprays of crimson lava spewed from the fountain firework like a mini volcanic eruption. Everyone seemed to stop and watch in wonder as the blood red haze from the traffic light entranced them, the spell finally broken when a wave of aluminous green light gave them the signal to move along. Juices drizzled and sizzled from the burgers. The smell of salt and vinegar wafted through the air, as succulent hot dogs were grilled on the barbecue. Children buzzed around like bees pursuing the sweet smelling nectar of popcorn and candy floss as it lingered in the air. Bonfire night favourites, sticky toffee apples and treacle toffee, are being devoured messily, but tasted as sweet as honey. Parents despair as over enthusiastic children scream and shout, only to be tamed by the promise of treats from the eager stall owners. Fluffy animals are dangled everywhere. Delightful squeals echo around the amusements stall, as the game is finally conquered and victory is obtained and the priceless spoils are handed over. Excited children hopped around the raging crackling bonfire as they magically created mystical images with glowing sparklers. Cold, weary parents are drawn to the warmth and comfort of the roaring flames, as it slowly breathed life back into their chilled bodies. The heat turned their faces red like fresh juicy cherries. The bright yellow and orange flickering blaze captivated and memorised the crowd, and the inferno roared like a dragon as  it spat and spluttered singed wood and charcoal. Like a cat, the flames licked the scrawny Guy Fawkes at the top. He stood there, lifeless, dressed in tatty old clothes with bright red eyes, and looked like the devil as he was engulfed and consumed by the intense fire. Smoke filled the air. It tasted bitter, and snaked and slithered into the watching eyes of the crowd making them glisten and sting. Couples, hand in hand, romantically sauntered down to the icy waters edge. Together as one they would light their lantern, kiss gently, and then snuggle together to watch as it gracefully glided and twirled across the glistening lake like a prima ballerina. The silence, tranquilly and romance was broken as children raced to the lake eager to be the first one to light one of the special lanterns. Their hands shook as they tried so hard to be careful with the wafer thin lantern. As they cautiously set the lanterns down onto the rippling water, it gradually edged its way into the dark unknown. The once murky dark lake was now lit up like a Christmas tree, with fireflies shimmering across its surface. Bonfire Night drew to a close. Tired, weary children were snuggled up like little lambs in their parent’s arms, all ready for their warm cosy bed, their favourite teddy bear, and a good night kiss from Mum and Dad. Couples arm in arm gradually walked home. A relaxed and content glow on all their faces after a fun filled evening. The once raging bonfire was now just glowing embers twisting and turning like fireflies. The night sky returned to its peaceful existence. The smell of gunpowder was everywhere, and the lake mirrored the night sky with the lanterns twinkling like stars.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 92

Assignment Example Friedan wrote about the way American women who were housewives felt. They felt that they never defined themselves as to whom they were. The women felt that they had no career to identify themselves with; they needed to adjust their role as housewives. Cleaver argued that the White woman-Blackman sickness/problem needed to be brought to the open, dealt with and resolved (Cleaver 27). He concluded that, black men who had been brought up in America could experience the problem of not preferring their fellow black women, but instead prefer white women. He says that in the end, the black may feel as if he betrayed his race, and end up hating the white women. According to Friedan, the nameless problem was that of women housewives not defining whom they were, instead they engaged themselves in housewife business all the time. This problem made them seek medical intervention, only to find that the cure was adjusting their role as housewives (Friedan

Healthy People 2010 Indicator in my Community Essay

Healthy People 2010 Indicator in my Community - Essay Example As a community, our commitment to work towards the key focus areas and meeting of health objectives can be an indicator of a society moving towards its goal of healthy people 2010. Surgeon General David Satcher describes Healthy People 2010as "an encyclopedic compilation of health improvement opportunities for the next decade."3 The 467 target objectives of mission Healthy People 2010 have been broadly divided into 28 focus areas4: Access Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Chronic Back Conditions Cancer Chronic Kidney Disease Diabetes Disability and Secondary Conditions Environmental Health Educational and Community-Based Programs Family Planning Food Safety Health Communication Heart Disease and Stroke HIV/AIDS Immunization and Infectious Diseases Injury/Violence Prevention Maternal, Infant, Child Health Medical Product Safety Mental Health and Mental Disorders Nutrition and Overweight Occupational Safety and Health Oral Health Physical Activity and Fitness Asthma/Respiratory Diseases Public Health Infrastructure Sexually Transmitted Diseases Substance Abuse (including alcohol) Tobacco Use Vision and Hearing In the paper, I will be focusing on Asthma as an indicator of Healthy People 2010 in my community. Herein I will talk about: The prevalence of Asthma cases Its impact on the society The measures taken by us to make our community Asthma free by 2010 The measures taken for handling this problem successfully and overall access to quality healthy services for fighting this problem along with education awareness against causes and cure of Asthma will be instrumental in indicating the success of Healthy People 2010 mission. In the earlier times, only old aged people were known to suffer from respiratory problems like Asthma. But now-a-days, this problem is... In the beginning of the year, the health department of the United States released health goals for the overall country both at the local community and at state level, to be met by year 2010. The health people 2010 is a comprehensive report of key focus areas, our goals and objectives, as well as roadmap for promoting health and wellness and preventing diseases, disability, and premature death. Eliminate health disparities between different segments of the population, including those relating to gender, race and ethnicity, education, income, disability, living in rural localities, and sexual orientation2 Unless we as individuals take up our responsibility, it is not possible to meet the goals of a disease free society by 2010. As members of community, it becomes our responsibility to ensure that we work towards meeting the objectives of a healthy people community. The measures taken for handling this problem successfully and overall access to quality healthy services for fighting this problem along with education awareness against causes and cure of Asthma will be instrumental in indicating the success of Healthy People 2010 mission. The foremost reason for increasing problem of asthma cases in the community is exposure to pollution, inadequate facilities, and high smoking rate

Lighting and Consumer Perception in Retail Design Thesis

Lighting and Consumer Perception in Retail Design - Thesis Example A specific example of this is how digital interaction with shoppers could be implemented in retail without constraining the use of space and movement (Manuelli 2006, p. 37). Take the case of the ‘magic mirror’ and the ‘Privalite wall’ in Prada’s Beverly Hills Epicenter Store – these examples are based on interactions driven by technology involving body movements that result in a playful, spontaneous interaction with the consumers. Another key retail technology development is the use of the RFID technology wherein tags and labels are developed as â€Å"active,† embedded with computer chips and responding to different environmental conditions. Some of the other inventions in retail system designs are reliable and secure systems based on efficient automated product replenishment and environmentally friendly and cost effective solutions (Salvador, et al., 2006). Most of these technologies help retain current customers and attract new custome rs by keeping the store well stocked. In addition, the profile of the modern shopper has also evolved and diversified. Today’s modern shopper demands more from their purchases and more from the establishments providing their merchandise. Because of this, retailers are forced to offer consumer-specific features and functions in order to gain competitive advantage. For instance, convenience stores classify areas in their store according to age groups. Generally, the two major design components a retailers store must focus on are the physical design of the interior (walls, structures, etc.) and the design of a favorable environment for effective visual communications (Retail Systems, n.d.). Thus, a good retail space must be able to create the synergy between technologies and design to achieve optimal delivery of consumer service and increased margins in the business. As previously stated, good customer service means value for the customer, a variable pivotal in attracting

Ethical dilemmas that a social worker working in child protection Essay

Ethical dilemmas that a social worker working in child protection would encounter. (australia) - Essay Example Studies show that such ethical concerns reduce the scope of child protection social works since those issues prevent social workers from obtaining grip over various underlying causes of child maltreatment. This paper will analyze major ethical dilemmas a social worker would commonly experience while engaging in child protection works. The paper will also identify ethical issues in indigenous contexts separately and discuss core ethical principles of social work and community welfare practices. Social workers cannot meet desired objectives of child protection unless they can separate the child from harmful parents and move it to monitoring and surveillance facilities. However, it is not so easy for a social worker to separate the child from his parents even though they are maltreating it. The Australian federal government allows its citizens to exercise various decision rights over their children regarding religion, schooling, medical treatment, and where their child lives etc (Government of South Australia, 2010). When a child is separated from his parent, the parent cannot exercise his legal rights over his child. In addition, a parent has the fundamental right to take ultimate decisions on his child’s matters as long as the child is a minor. Therefore, separation of the child from his parents is the most ethical dilemma involved in the child protection social work. As Kumar (2004, p.34) points out, child protection social workers’ role is often coercive even though they may possess adequate skills and capabilities to work supportively. They are expected to take potential decisions to save children from abuse and negligence, and therefore social workers’ acts are considered unavoidable even though they use some brutal intervention tactics to address the problem. Hence, many of the people believe that social workers have been given the choice to behave oppressively. Such

Encouraging University Freshmen to Perceive Writing Positively Essay

Encouraging University Freshmen to Perceive Writing Positively - Essay Example Though this is expected, hard working students find the subject interesting after attending a few classes. They use the available materials from such sources as Think Tank, WSIP, the library, as well as UITS to develop their skills, thus finding it easy to do the subject. On the other hand, those who do not put in enough effort find the subject tasking, thus developing a negative attitude towards the subject. This hinders the ability of such students to excel in the subject. Consequently, the overall performance of the student gets affected, as other subjects also require them to write assignments as part of their course work. Therefore, I urge you to maintain a positive attitude towards this particular subject as it defines part of your success story at the university. I joined the writing class without much knowledge on how to do good writing. I had problems with constructing logical sentence, and maintaining flow in my work. More to these, I had problems with clarity as most of my points were disorganized, which made it difficult to comprehend my writing. In addition to these, the tenses gave me a load of problems, which gives you enough reasons that I was once a pathetic writer. However, I believe a determined mind conquers any difficulty. Consequent to this belief, I purposed to improve in all these areas. I attended my lectures punctually, and paid attention to the lessons. More to these, I set time to practice my writing skills on a daily basis, leading to an improvement in four weeks.

PISCO Model Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

PISCO Model - Case Study Example This paper stresses that thus using the PISCO problem solving model going to be highlighted below, the study would attempt to critically analyse the dilemma facing Lael Matthews in selecting the ideal candidate to promote among three managers. According to Edward, the PISCO model is comprised of steps that seek to identify a problem, input to the cause of the problem, solution, choice as well as operational goal of the choice made. In this case, the two major problems facing Lael Matthews include race and gender related issues which are seen as impediments in the efforts by the management in their efforts in appraisals especially for promotional posts to senior positions within large and often reputable organisations. For instance, Liz is an African American and a female at the same time which would raise eyebrows once she is given the opportunity to grab the position given that she would be the first person to hold such a high post within the organisation. Indeed, she has the energy to perform but due to her circumstance whereby her race is looked down upon, she could not rise to higher level expectations. Compared to Liz, Roy is privileged to have attained higher qualification from a prestigious private college and has been in the company for a long period but comparatively, his energy is lower than Liz. At the same time, Quang is intense but can only be hampered by virtue of her race as well as gender. She also has links to upper management which can give her unfair advantage over others. Therefore, in making an informed ethical decision about the right candidate to promote, the above issue ought to be objectively considered in order to come up with a capable candidate who has the capacity to perform the task.

Importance of Transportation to a Firms Supply Chain Operations Assignment

Importance of Transportation to a Firms Supply Chain Operations - Assignment Example How do truckload operations differ from less-than-truckload operations?As learned, truckload operations (TL) differ from less-than-truckload operations (LTL) in terms of the range of shipments. For TL, they carry shipments that are noted to be greater than 10,000 pounds and where the exact weight requirements actually depend on the product. On the other hand, for LTL they carry shipments where the weight ranges from 150 to 10,000 pounds. As evident, TL operations are not feasible through manual operations due to the weight specifications. LTL, as the term implies, do not fill ta truck but these operations could carry shipments of diverse customers all at the same time. Finally, LTL shipments were noted to be routed through terminals, as contrasted with TL operations that require direct shipment to the consignees’ destinations from the shippers’ locations.13. What are freight forwarders? Â  How do they function? Â  What services do they perform?Freight forwarders were revealed to act as agents and consolidators of freight. Accordingly, freight forwarders function through facilitating the following operations: (1) consolidate shipments in behalf of small shippers; (2) purchase transportation in volume rates; and (3) charge shippers a rate that range between the volume and non-volume rates. As such, the services that freight forwarders perform are: (1) pick-up and delivery services; (2) handle both domestic and international shipments; (3) handle both surface and air shipments;

The Significance of Place Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Significance of Place - Essay Example sions this word can be confined to the description; ‘A portion of space with definite or indefinite boundaries’, it could be a room, an office, a house or a chapel. But being less cramped, when it comes to the classification of a ‘Place’ in human life, it means ‘a vital dwelling or locality which may or may not change the behavior and perspective of a person which occupies it’. Hence, it is about time that we acknowledge the significance of place in our lives and study how it matters to us even when unbridled commercialism is eliminating the consistency and liveliness out of architecture as the world becomes ignorant of its important and moves on towards technological development. We cannot steer clear of the magnitude of a place and the effects it has on the human beings that reside in it. People live in places that are poles apart from each other. Alain de Botton bears out, â€Å"Belief in the significance of architecture is premised on the notion that we are, for better or worse, different people in different places—and on the conviction that it is architecture’s task to render vivid to us who we might ideally be.† (13) This goes on to suggest that the importance of place varies for all of us. We are born in hospitals, we grow up in houses, we are educated in schools, we confess in churches, we get married in chapels and then we are buried in graveyards. These places, as infinitesimal they might seem, hold immense value in our lives as they take away a part of us with them as soon as we step in. At birth our first ever body scent is pierced into the walls of hospitals. As we grow up, our emotions and thoughts are embedded into the wall s of our houses. When it’s time for us to confess, our honesty is implanted into the corridor of the church. While we go through the educational phase, our hard work is plastered onto the boards of our class rooms and when it is time for us to get married, a part of our happiness is instilled onto the deep walls

Science Essay Essay Example for Free

Science Essay Essay Science to me is everything that surrounds us. Its to discover information about this world we live in, study this information, and use it however we will; a process that has started long, long ago, and will continue in generations to come. Everything in our world that we use somehow or someway was made by science. It started with discovering something new; then study what it can be capable of. See where this new founded information can be fit into use. Science was used to create something new. In this day and age science has taken us to an entirely new place. From better batteries, to faster computers, to better gas mileage, there has just been a huge breakthrough in science. It is both chemistry and physics. In science of chemistry there is discovering elements and using these elements in chemical bonding. For physics, there are already discovered laws, and properties; such discoveries as gravity, motion, force, speed, velocity, acceleration, etc. Science even branches off as far as the universe and its discoveries. Whether the discovery is 200 years old, 100 years old or present, its science nonetheless. Science is all around us, from the laptops we use to the cars we drive, something had to be discovered and study for us to able to use either. Maybe it was chemical combustion to get the energy from oil so our cars can move, or even some physics to help us understand how much energy we can save if we make something for aerodynamic. Science is to discover information about our natural world, and even about space, to help us understand our existence.Science has helped to improve the lives of people around the world. Today, science has improved human health and medicine to help people live longer, and help people live with diseases people had little hope of living with a few decades ago, such as AIDS. While our scientific advances continue, ethical questions arise about how science should advance, such as stem cell research. Mary Shelley, author of the novel Frankenstein, and Michael Bishop, who wrote the article Enemies of Promise, have different views about how scientific knowledge affects humanity. Mary Shelley was born the daughter of feminist Mary Wollstonecraft and political theorist William Godwin. While on vacation with her husband, she began to write the novel Frankenstein, about a scientist who created life. The scientists name was Victor Frankenstein. In a selection from the novel, Frankenstein says The dissecting room and the slaughter-house furnished many of my materials; and often did my human nature turn with  loathing from my occupation, whilst, still urged on by eagerness which perpetually increased, I brought my work near to a conclusion (232). Frankenstein is disgusted because he must go to a slaughter-house to get parts for his creation. Frankensteins disgust shows how horrible and demoralizing his scientific endeavors are, and he continues his experiment despite the negative affect his experiment has on his health. He realizes the study to which you apply yourself has a tendency to weaken your affections, and to destroy your taste for those simple pleasure in which no alloy can possibly mix, then that study is certainly unlawful, that is to say, not befitting the human mind (233). Frankenstein worked so hard to give life to his creation he thought of nothing else, and he was living his whole life to accomplish one goal. He realizes how much time he has been spending on his experiment and the effect his work is having on him, so he believes humans do not have the ability to deal with work in this manner. Therefore, scientific experimentation is not worth the negative effects the experiments have on the human mind. Eventually, Frankenstein accomplishes his goal, but his creation does not turn out like he expected. After giving his creation life, Frankenstein is horrified and leaves his home. Frankenstein concludes Learn from me, if not by my precepts, at least by my example, how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge, and how much happier that man is who believes his native town to be the world, than he who aspires to be greater than his nature will allow (231). Frankenstein wanted to have the knowledge to create life, and when he final had the knowledge to create life, he did. After he created life, he was miserable. Therefore, humans cannot be God and create life because their nature will not allow them to be like God, and those who try to create life will be miserable, unlike those who do not seek dangerous knowledge. Michael Bishop is a professor of microbiology at the University of California, San Francisco. In his article Enemies of Promise he warns about the misconceptions people may have about scientific advances. Bishop states science has sounded the alarm about acid rain and its principal origins in automobile emissions, but our society has not found the political will top bridle the internal combustion engine (239). Science has helped to improve the quality of life of people by discovering the cause of acid rain is from car emissions, and the reduction of acid rain could result  from better emission standards. Science is not to blame for helping to create the internal combustion engine, but the lack of government funding to find other means to propel automobiles should be blamed. Bishop says Resistance to science is born of fear. Fear, in turn is bred by ignorance. And it is ignorance that is our deepest malady (241). People fear science because they do not understand how science works, and the purpose of science is to better mankind, not to recombine DNA to create a deadly virus, or mutations. If people are educated, then they will have a better understanding of science, and will no longer fear science. Once all people understand science, and no longer fear science, mankind can move towards new goals, and improve the lives of all people. When scientists perform experiments, the scientists are trying to solve the mystery of something they do not understand, such as stem cells. Bishop believes scientists take things apart in order to understand the whole, to solve the mystery an enterprise that we regard as one of the great ennobling tasks of humankind (238). Scientists experiment to better understand the world around them, and all the things in the world, as well as the relationships between different parts of the world. Scientists do not take things apart just because they can, but scientists have a purpose for their actions. The experiments to understand the world around us, Bishop believes to be a noble task for mankind, and with scientific discoveries, our lives can be improved. Comparing the claims of both Mary Shelley and Michael Bishop, I find Bishops claims that science is good for mankind, to be more persuasive than Mary Shelleys warning about the limitations of man and science. Bishop states Science has produced the vaccines required to control many childhood infections in the United States, but our nation has failed to deploy properly those vaccines (239). If mankind did not have the benefit of scientific knowledge, there would be no vaccine for illnesses such as small pox, or life threatening diseases. Humans have the ability to produce large amounts of vaccines beneficial to children in our country and other countries around the world. Science cannot pay for, and distribute vaccines for diseases throughout the world, but science is blamed because people in  our world still suffer from curable diseases. Also, Bishop states that resistance to science is born of fear, which is the result of ignorance. When the University of California, San Francisco wanted to perform biomedical research in a residential area, which they have not been allowed to do, Bishop noted that another [agitated citizen] declared on television her outrage that those people are bringing DNA into my neighborhood (241). The person who stated that the University was bringing DNA into their neighborhood does not understand what DNA is. By making the statement about bringing DNA in their neighborhood, the person is opposing having DNA in her neighborhood compared to the Universitys encroachment into their neighborhood. If the person who made the statement were simply opposed to the possibility of increased traffic in the neighborhood, then the person would have made that statement on television. The person made the statement about DNA instead, showing that they fear DNA because they do not want DNA in their neighborhood. Therefore, the opposition this person has to science stems from their misunderstanding of DNA. Bishop points out a possible reason for people not understanding science caused by a lack of education. Bishop states In a recent international testing, U.S. high school students finished ninth in physics among the top twelve nations, eleventh in chemistry, and dead last in biology (241). If science is not learned by pupils in school, then the pupils will not understand science. Judging from the international testing, students in our country do not have an understanding of science, and the lack of understanding will breed ignorance, and will result in fear and resistance. Therefore, some people fear science because they were not properly educated when they were students and they do not understand how science can improve mankind as a whole. Bishop states The price of science seems large, but to reject science is to deny the future (242). Although science may not always give people one solid choice, and scientific endeavors may have ethical problems, we need to work out those ethical and moral dilemmas. Science will not go away, but will continue to explore the world around us. Science cannot be rejected because science will help to improve the quality of life, and rejecting science would result in the rejection of the improvement in quality of life. Other  evidence Bishop should have examined was the overall decrease in respect for institutions by the public. Alan H. McGowan is a program director for the Public Understanding of Science and Technology, as well as the Directorate for Education and Human Resources at American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). McGowan states although there seems to have been a decrease in the respect the public has for scientists, this is part of a general trend of decreasing trust in institutions of all kinds. While Bishop has stated that people have been attacking science, Bishop does not compare how much science is being attacked compared to other institutions, such as the press. If all other institutions are being attacked more fervently than science, then science is not in as bad a shape as Bishop believes science to be. Therefore, unless science is being attacked as much as every other institution, science is still be viewed by the public with more respect compared to the other institutions. While Mary Shelleys Frankenstein show the problems with mans thirst for knowledge, Michael Bishop puts science in a positive light, showing how science has help mankind. I believe Bishops claims about science to be more persuasive, and the positive effects of science to be well worth the effort of scientists. Although Bishops claims could have been improved with some more evidence about the publics view of science, science will continue to improve our lives.

The Development Of Pretty As An Intensifier English Language Essay

The Development Of Pretty As An Intensifier English Language Essay It is commonly acknowledged that the first thought about the definition of pretty is good-looking as an adjective when it is discussed; nevertheless, when this word is searched with ICE-GB, merely 20 instances are found as an adjective whereas 112 examples are adverbs, the frequency of which is nearly five times higher. This result is similar to the other corpora, such as British National Corpus with the frequency of 55.60 per million words as an adjective while 118.17 per million words as an adverb in the year of 2000. Accordingly, the lexicon pretty is normally used as an adverb rather than an adjective. What increases the adverbial usage of pretty? This essay is going to analyze the progress of the word pretty as an intensifier or a downtowner through the corpus of ICE-GB. First of all, the meaning of intensifiers or downtoners will be defined, followed by the historical alteration of pretty, and the way of grammaticalization. After that, collocations and meaning scales are also w orth discussing. In the final part, the number of examples in spoken and written registers will be explained. Intensifiers and downtoners are semantically categorized as modifiers or degree words, which are traditionally under the classes of adjective and adverb. Syntactically, modifiers control elemental level rather than clausal level (Nevalainen and Rissanen, 2002: 361). This indicates intensifiers and downtoners to some extent vary the degree of the word that they modify. As defined by Biber (1999: 554-555), intensifiers enhance the degrees of the word on a scale, but downtoners decrease the scale on the gradable items. Moreover, although Bolinger (1972: 17) does not distinguish the difference between these two, he still calls degree words as intensifiers and divides them into four classes based on the scalar region: boosters, compromisers, diminishers, and minimizers, which are from higher level to the lower part of the scale. This completely shows that there must be a scale among modifiers, which amplify or lessen the words that they modify. Backlund (1973: 69) states that pretty is a moderate degree adverb because it uses a weak statement to reinforce a positive meaning into the word that it modifies. The point of view is similar to the idea of a scale among modifiers, since moderate degree adverbs also increase or decrease the degree of modified words; that is to say, I can employ Bolingers idea to consider pretty as an intensifier, to be more specific, compromisers. Pretty as an intensifier modifies the adjectives because it shows the middle scale of the adverbs: It was quite pretty stimulating stuff and I really enjoyed it. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦theyre you know pretty experienced counsellors. Its actually a pretty outstanding game so far. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦which was pretty obvious to most observers by this time,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Pretty also modifies the adjectives: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦your first degree has got to relate pretty closely if youre going to get on a course in most cases. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦then one comes down pretty squarely in the period before priests and Levites were separated. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦you saw last week we can date pretty exactly in the late sixth century. I mean the the Tories started pretty messily. The word pretty, according to Nevalainen, and Rissanen (2002: 367), can be traced back to Old English as a form of prà ¦ttig with merely 10 instances, and mostly means cunning or cleverness in negative contexts. In Middle English period, the meaning of pretty extends into three categories: (1) cunning, and clever, (2) manly, fine; fair-sized, considerable, great; of a beating, and (3) handsome; elegant; enjoyable and pleasant, which Nevalainen and Rissanen claim that the development of the adverb pretty originates from the definition: fair-sized, considerable , and great (2002: 308). Furthermore, they also point out that although none of the examples show the use of pretty as an adverb in fifteenth century, historically, pretty or prettily starts to be adverb in the fifteenth century. Seventeenth century sees a significant increase in the number of instances of pretty as an adverb, which suggests that the intensifier meaning of pretty is gradually developing, and from the examples t hat Nevalainen and Rissanen exploit, pretty and very seem to be interchangeable (2002:309). The following instances taken from ICE-GB demonstrate very is the synonym of pretty: This loss of heat would pretty soon lead to its reaching a very cold temperatureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. I hope, pretty briefly because this has been a short case. The first three lines are pretty easy really, Its pretty hard to park there anyway. Later on, in the nineteenth century positive ideas are conveyed by the usage of pretty, which is found to modify adjectives and adverbs (Backlund 1973: 133). If pretty is considered to be an intensifier, it may have undergone a process of functional shift, (Biscetti, 2006 :62) which means the procedure of intensifier forming is related to semantic feature copying, which is established by Lorenz in 2002. This refers to the fact that pretty becomes an intensifier through connecting the adjacent lexicon which has similar meaning. Therefore, Nevalainen and Risssanens idea about the origin of pretty as an adverb can be applied to examine the forming of intensifiers. Thats pretty good. [great] I think they did pretty well to get to end up like that. [great] These two examples seem to represent that pretty pre-modifies its similar words, good and well, in the meaning of great. However, they cannot represent the whole conversion because these two words are the high frequency lexica that pretty collocates with in ICE-GB with thirteen and six times respectively. The other highly collocating examples found in ICE-GB do not show the semantic feature copying: I am pretty sure that it is actuallyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. It is uh pretty quick. If functional shift or semantic feature copying cannot completely explain the change of pretty, there are some other reasons. According to Mendez-Naya (2003: 372), intensifiers can be said to undergo a process of grammaticalization, on account of the fact that the function of a grammatical form are generated by the gradual loss of lexical idiosyncrasy. In addition, Ito (2003: 261) also points out delexicalization, which is a procedure of grammaticalization, and elucidates the intensifiers as a lexicon that the speakers comment or evaluation towards the word they want to express. Then, five stages are further illustrated from (a) original meaning, (b) expressing emphasis, (c) affirming truth of modified words, (d) attributive adjectives, to (e) intensification without the original meaning. Some instances are found in ICE-GB: (17a) It was actually really pretty. (17b) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦its in a quiet three-lined street filled with pretty houses,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. (17c) I am pretty sure of that. (17d) Apparently thats a pretty good idea. (17e) You were pretty stroppy then. Pretty in (17a) is an adjective to show the original definition of pretty either in three of them in Middle English Dictionary. (17b) contains an adjective pretty as well, but it shows the highlighting of the word houses, and it to some extent weakens its other original meaning, such as clever. Pretty in (17c) enhances the sureness of the speaker, while in (17d) it becomes the attributive adjectives and modifies either good or idea. Pretty in both (17c) and (17d) still possess some meaning of great itself, while in (17e) it is purely an intensifier in view of the fact that pretty can straightforwardly be considered as its synonym very. These instances manifest the grammaticalization and make pretty seem to experience semantic shift. Apart from grammaticalization, the frequency of collocation that pretty has also interests the discussion value. There are eighty-four examples of adjectives that pretty modifies in ICE-GB. The first one and two are good and sure, which have thirteen and four examples respectively. Big, busy, and quick have three instances for each, and difficult, hard, impressive, low, slow, strong only have two examples. Backlunds (1973: 134) states that pretty primarily combines with positive or neutral words, and occasionally, with negative words to express irony. This is perhaps due to the reason that pretty as an intensifier does not amplify or attenuate the gradable word up to the top of the scale or down to the bottom. It is interesting to notice that good is a positive word which is the highest tendency word to collocate with pretty, followed by sure, big, busy, and quick, the neutral words. The negative words that pretty collocates in ICE-GB are bad, dreary, grim, sad, wrecked, and stroppy, which only have one example. On the other hand, the adverbs that pretty modifies are six examples of well, two examples of quickly, and the others briefly, closely, exactly, high, messily, seriously, soon, sort of, and squarely. Similarly, there is a tendency for pretty to collocate with well, a positive word. The meaning scale of pretty as an adverb is categorized by Backlund (1973: 134-143) into (i) lowering the emotional level, (ii) lowering criticism, (iii) function of weak statement, (iv) degree modifier, (v) expression of phrasal, (vi) self-compliment, and (vii) front-position. (18i) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I suspect thats a pretty daunting record,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. (18ii) Yeah I mean hes a pretty normal boy. (18iii) So I imagine you have pretty strict regulations concerning its us. (18iv) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦it would have been pretty well impossible to get in without a key. (18v) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦your memory was pretty good basically, and this wasnt a problem. (18vi) Ive had a very uhm pretty straightforward sort of a life Im afraid. (18vii) Pretty much yeah Ive got to admit. The sentimental word daunting in (18i) is brought down by pretty because if this instance expressed without pretty, then it will be an explicit expression, showing the record is intimidating. In (18ii), pretty produces the idea that the interlocutor does not concern the thing he or she states, while pretty in (18iii) weakens the degree of strict, making the example sound euphemistic. Example (18iv) is more interesting because pretty modifies not only well but also the adjective impossible. The reason is based on the x schema (Santorini and Kroch, 2007): pretty dominates the following well and impossible in the phrase pretty well impossible. Examples (18v) and (18vi) manifest positive thoughts of the expresser, and these two instances are the evidence of the fact that pretty are likely to collocate with positive and neutral lexical. Front-position, as Backlund (1973: 143) claims, only occurs in the beginning of a full sentence, or can be recovered by the eliminated components, that is or it is. Hence, (18vii) can be uttered as Its pretty much. Yeah, Ive got to admit. So far, the thing that has not been discussed is the instances pretty much, which appears in ICE-GB eight times. According to Backlund (1973: 138), pretty much can be regarded as almost since much gains the implication of almost and nearly from the phrase pretty much the same, and pretty is often excluded. (19) I was pretty much advanced on the delegates. Likewise, pretty well comprises a similar sense almost as pretty much, but it also contains hesitance and reservation in the utterance (Backlund, 1973: 140). (20) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦those percentages were pretty well reversed. Although Bolinger (1972: 215-217) asserts that when pretty much is used as a pre-modifier, it is a type of fusion, and it becomes a sentence modifier with the less restrictions of connecting verbs, no instances can be found in ICE-GB. Finally, there are 134 instances that can be found in ICE-GB, and 20 of them are written registers while the others are spoken ones. This implies that pretty used as an intensifier is still rare in written works, just as Gonzalez-Diaz (2008: 233) claims that verbal situations are the initial stage that language change happens, and later written language is influenced if speakers have created the innovation. In conclusion, pretty has experienced the language change from pure adjective clever to polysemy, and one of its meaning belongs to a modifier. Grammaticalization and the frequent collocations that pretty use may be the causes of the transformation. When people are inclined to utter the pattern of expression, the expression will gradually fixed, consequently leading to the novel usage of the word. That is the reason why there are some analogous meanings between pretty much and pretty well, even though pretty is considered as an intensifier. Overall, no matter how pretty develops, intensification is the linguistic expression of exaggeration and depreciation. (Bolinger, 1972: 20) Totall: 2050

Impact of ICT Innovations at NG-CDF

Impact of ICT Innovations at NG-CDF The Board acquired internet from two ISPs (internet service providers), Safaricom and Accesskenya, providing availability of reliable redundant global connectivity. Connectivity therefore has allowed access to internal systems such as email, ERP (Enterprise resource planning) and website at ease. Learning through research on the internet has improved. The Local Area Network (LAN) and Wireless LAN has provided interconnectivity within the office. Resources can be shared among users and computers with minimum movement of staff. Wireless LAN on the other hand has also encouraged BYOD (bring your own device) culture in the organization and improve staff mobility. Recently the Board implemented MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) to regional offices providing access to internet and telephony services at a minimum cost. MPLS is a multipoint connectivity system that allows regions and HQ to communicate to each other like they are in one office. The regional offices can now be reached by a telephone extension. Connectivity through MPLS has also allowed the implementation of SIP telephone services whereby a pilot line is given which in turn allows for configuration of 999 parallel lines hence direct lines. The firewall protects the organization from internal and external threats. These threats come in form of spam messages, phishing sites and viruses. Threats penetrate networks using services or ports that may be or may not be used in the organization. The firewall therefore assists in filtering out those services that may allow threats into the network. In addition, internet bandwidth is a limited resource and therefore need to be controlled, services that consume a lot of bandwidth are then disabled so that users can have a fair usage of internet without affecting their duties. The firewall also allows for scheduling and QOS to prioritize certain services at a certain time. Kaspersky central Management allows the system administrator to monitor threats to the organization systems in form of computer viruses. The central management is an all in one portal where admins can perform certain tasks remotely from a server e.g. install, manage and license Kaspersky remotely, push updates remotely, manage devices, enable or disable e.g. USB To secure the server room CCTV is installed to monitor physical access and intrusion of unauthorized staff members thereby improving on data security and management. The CCTV system allows for live picture and playback options and to save/export a video for future reviews The Board has a registered domain name, cdf.go.ke and subsequently each staff member is assigned an email address. The email system, running on the latest version is accessible 24/7 anywhere anytime through a computer or supported mobile devices. Guidelines and manuals to access the mail portal have been developed by the department to help staff members adapt to the system easily. The Board has installed Spiceworks helpdesk system which is an open source helpdesk system that allows the department to have a bona fide support ticket-tracking system and generate reports of the same to gauge their performance. Users raise tickets by email, telephone call or through the Spiceworks portal, the ICT department then are able to view and prioritize them accordingly. Once the case is solved, the ticket is closed. The bulk SMS system is web based system which the Board uses to disseminate important information through short messages to staff members within the shortest time possible. Within the system, targeted groups and individual contacts have been preloaded to the system; these groups are All Staff, FAMs, directors, HQ Staff etc. The board has seen improvement in communicating matters relating to the board or staff on time without the need for lengthy and slow means of communication; this has improved the accuracy of the information passed and avoided speculations on sensitive Board matters. The system provides information to the Boards customers using USSD (Unstructured Supplementary Service Data) is a Global System for Mobile (GSM) communication technology that is used to send text between a mobile phone and an application program in the network. Information available is allocations and disbursements for each constituency from FY 2013/2014 to date. The USSD is integrated to the bulk sms system so that results can be sent to the end user. The user queries by dialing *483*6# from their mobile phone, then select the constituency by a quick search, they will then choose whether they need allocations or disbursement information. Once confirmed, the results are then sent through SMS to the users phone via the bulk sms system implemented by the board. 100% of individual offices have been connected by a telephone extension, 70% of staff have an extension on their desks. The Board maintains a PBX which interconnects these extensions and the regional office extensions. Staff can communicate within offices on 10th floor, 5th floor and regional offices conveniently and for free. Trunk calls (external calls) can also be made and received by the board via providers like Orange Telkom and Safaricom. Orange provides the landlines while Safaricom provides a SIP line which emulates a mobile number with 1000 lines which can then be configured as direct lines. The SIP trunk therefore allows for multiple calls to be made without engaging or congesting the lines. A unique number is assigned, for the Board, this is 0709894, and the last 3 digits have then been assigned to a specific extension Number for example 0709894000 is configured on the extension at the reception as a pilot line, any other extension has also an incoming route creating a direct line scenario. Web portals are websites that maintain personalized information in a database in the background. Unlike any website, portals allow authorized users access to specific information meant for them specifically. They are even allowed to customize information they want to be displayed in their portal (space). The Boards web portal is integrated portal in that, the fund account managers can create their own websites within the portal by logging in to the system. The public can therefore access information on any constituency from one website www.ngcdf.go.ke by a click of a button. CDFMIS stores, organizes and makes access to project and financial information easy. It not only stores all the information relating to current and past years projects, but also stores the approved budgets for these years, details on inflows and outflows of funds. The CDFMIS Projects database is composed of four different functional aspects, each corresponding to a set of tasks the constituency must carry out as a part of its mission, these include project Information, bursaries Information, budget and Finance Information and Complaints Information. Data and Applications Software are stored in servers at the computer center located at CDF Headquarters in Nairobi. Operations data are entered at the various user locations at the Constituencies and Head office. Interconnectivity of the system is through Wide Area Network between the constituencies and the Servers; and through Local Area Network between the Servers and Head Office workstations. CDFMIS is operated the basis of on-line real-time; that is to say that updates occur immediately a transaction is completed; thus making information as current as the last transaction. Access to the system will be done via the internet/intranet through use of a web browser (Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, etc.). Unique user-names and passwords are given by System Administrator. Microsoft Dynamics SL is a financial/accounting system used by the Boards Finance and Accounts Department. Microsoft Dynamics SL is one of Microsofts enterprise resource planning (ERP) software products for project-driven small- and medium-sized enterprises. It is part of the Microsoft Dynamics product family. The functionality includes finance, project accounting, manufacturing, field services, supply chain management, analytics, and electronic commerce. The major module used by the Board is the finance module.

The Great Gatsby -The Valley of Ashes versus Toms House :: essays research papers

F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby is, at first sight, a novel about wealth, idealism, and social class. However it soon reveals its author’s true intensions and ideals. F. Scott Fitzgerald uses symbolism to produce immense emotion. He not only uses it on the characters but on the places and even objects found in the novel. Two example of symbolism and what they truly represent are, The Valley of Ashes and Tom and Daisy’s house. The Valley of Ashes was first introduced in Chapter II, its located between West Egg and New York City, it consists of a long stretch of desolate land created by the dumping of industrial ashes. It represents the moral and social decay that results from being part of the lower class, as the rich only worry for their pleasures. The Valley of Ashes also symbolizes the unfortunate conditions of the lower class, like George and Myrtle Wilson, who live among the dirty ashes and lose their durability as a result. In other words, The Valley of ashes can also be referred to as â€Å"the symbol of failure of the American dream†. Tom and Daisy’s house is a fairly large and well elaborated colonial mansion, located on East Egg, the rich and prestigious side where only the people who are â€Å"truly rich† live, not the ones that have made their fortunes themselves. Tom and Daisy’s house is spacious, just like their marriage, but it has nice furniture and antiques so that it appears to be comfortable and old fashioned, and anyone would assume that a happy family lives in it. Tom and Daisy, like the house, are not really happy, or in love, but they have all the right properties and conveniences to cover up the real situation, their huge marital problems. Fitzgerald’s description of Tom Buchanan’s huge house not only symbolizes his marriage but Tom and his values. The red and white colors in the mansion represent his personality. Red in this case is an example of impurity and boldness, while white represents Tom’s superiority towards others. This huge house represents nothing but Tom and Daisy’s marital problems and Tom’s arrogant attitude. This two places and its inhabitants at first glance appear to be very

Cubism :: essays research papers

Cubism (a name suggested by Henri Matisse in 1909) is a non-objective approach to painting developed originally in France by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque around 1906. The early, "pre-Cubist" period (to 1906) is characterized by emphasizing the process of construction, of creating a pictorial rhythm, and converting the represented forms into the essential geometric shapes: the cube, the sphere, the cylinder, and the cone. Between 1909 and 1911, the analysis of human forms and still lifes (hence the name -- Analytical Cubism) led to the creation of a new stylistic system which allowed the artists to transpose the three-dimensional subjects into the flat images on the surface of the canvas. An object, seen from various points of view, could be reconstructed using particular separate "views" which overlapped and intersected. The result of such a reconstruction was a summation of separate temporal moments on the canvas. Picasso called this reorganized form the &qu ot;sum of destructions," that is, the sum of the fragmentations. Since color supposedly interferred in purely intellectual perception of the form, the Cubist palette was restricted to a narrow, almost monochromatic scale, dominated by grays and browns. A new phase in the development of the style, called Synthetic Cubism, began around 1912. In the center of the painters' attention was now the construction, not the analysis of the represented object -- in other words, creation instead of recreation. Color regained its decorative function and was no longer restricted to the naturalistic description of the form. Compositions were still static and centered, but they lost their depth and became almost abstract, although the subject was still visible in synthetic, simplified forms. The construction requirements brought about the introduction of new textures and new materials (cf. paper collages). Cubism lasted till 1920s and had a profound effect on the art of the avant-garde. Russian painters were introduced to Cubism through the works bought and displayed by wealthy patrons like Shchukin and Morozov. As they did with many other movements, the Russians interpreted and transformed Cubism in their own unique way. In particular, the Russian Cubists carried even further the abstract potential of the style. Some of the most outstanding Cubist works came from the brush of Malevich, Popova, and Udal'tsova.

Pregnancy and Little Boy

I always had this preconceived idea of how wonderful pregnancy would be. Had so often heard of the pregnancy â€Å"glow', having razz cravings, being able to eat anything wanted because, of course, I was now eating for two. Grew up hearing my mother tell me how she loved being pregnant. Sways so happy to be starting my new journey. My pregnancy didn't quite go that way. When I was pregnant with my son, it seemed as if those nine months dragged on forever. Morning sickness began 24/7 the day after I found out to the day I went into labor.I talked to so many people, read so many articles and books, and just kept looking and waiting for that â€Å"Honeymoon Trimester,† the second trimester, when everything was owing to get better, and it would be the best experience ever. Was one of those rare cases that, until my son was born, the sickness wouldn't stop. I ended up at nine months pregnant being thirteen pounds less than my pre- pregnancy weight because of being so sick every da y. Atone point, I remember thinking I would give anything to do an â€Å"l Dream of Jeannie† blink to make that time disappear.Because of that, started having doubts that I would be a good mother and even be able to handle the responsibility of it all. Finally, the time came. Went into labor the evening of 26 February 2011. Not only was finally not going to be sick every day anymore, but I was going to finally going to meet the little man I had been so anxiously waiting to meet the last nine months. 27 February 2011 at 3:23 pm, I gave birth to the most beautiful baby I had ever seen. It was one of the most exciting experiences of my life!The moment the doctor put my 6 pound 13 ounce, 19 h inch long son in my arms became a moment I will never forget I felt complete and utter overwhelming joy. As I looked into those big blue eyes, I forgot about everything. It was worth every second! I would do it all over again. At that very moment, looking at the beautiful newborn baby boy th at I created, I realized what true love was. It was the most amazing feeling. Having my son at the young age of 20 has given me a different perspective on life, even a little more patience.Sometimes, I believe it has made me a better person and made me appreciate life and its challenges so much more. I am a better mom because Of it. I absolutely love all the challenges and rewards that motherhood brings. Instead of neatness, order, and everything in its place in y home, I now find Ninja Turtles in my shoes and socks hanging on the Christmas Tree. My purse has Batman band-aids, fruit snacks, and crayons in it. And I wouldn't have it any other way! One of the best things about being a mom is discovering my hidden abilities.Things I never could have imagined being capable of doing, I do without even thinking about it. Who knew a person could blow dry their hair, play Ninja Turtles, and brush their teeth all at the same time, or that an entire meal could be cooked with only one hand whi le holding a baby in the other? Not in my wildest dreams could I have imagined that my kisses on a little forehead or an owe could have such a healing power. Also found out that I am the queen of multitasking. I can get more done in a couple of hours that used to take a whole day to get done.The little miracle I gave birth to has also showed me that I can manage with a mere four hours of sleep, or even less. Who knew? Watching Chase grow from a happy, playful baby into a very active, outgoing, silly, loving, smart little boy is an amazing experience. Love watching him learn and create and grow into the beautiful little boy he was created to be. He is all this and so much more. My life is so much richer, fuller, and more meaningful because I have the privilege of being a mother, his mother. I cherish every moment, every day.Being a mom has made me into the person was meant to be. It teaches me that it's the little things that matter most. It has taught me that true happiness does not come from material items or the money I have in my pocket. Happiness is seeing his face light up with a big smile on his face. I love that motherhood has taught me to slow down, not to sweat the small stuff, and appreciate the days, not marked y one or two spectacular moments, but rather just by the simple joy, peace, and fulfillment we get by being together as a family.Motherhood is a roller coaster ride of emotions, one where I learn on the go and just pray that I'm doing it right, but it is also the best thing that has ever happened to me. I can't put into words how wonderful this journey of motherhood has been so far or how much I am looking forward to all the experiences yet to come as my son grows. I couldn't imagine my life without my little boy, the little boy who has made me a better person. Not only am I Chases hero, he is mine.

Relationship between society and education Essay

RELATIONSHIP amid SOCIETY AND EDUCATIONIntroduction numerous sociologists stupefy detect that thither is a strong congenatorship in the midst of nurture and familiarity. This observation is borne out of the fact that it is non possible to separate or gravel whatever line of demarcation mingled with the ii cin bingle casepts. This is because of the fact that what happens to the pedagogicsal remains undoubtedly affects the association, the young in its get image. The comp unmatch competent and exactly(a)nts of the commandmental body that constitute perfectly defined facts and which commence the same populace as some other complaisant fact ar inter- cogitate.They ar inter-related intern totallyy, so that a given rearing system has maven and consistency, and also externally so that the learning system reflects a purchase orders chaste and intellectual value. Otta vogue (1980) defined monastic order as the whole range of accessible relationships of thro ng living in a certain geographical territory and having a feeling of belonging to the same manikin of chemical group. In every connection, whether developing or developed, complex or primitive, there is endlessly an pedagogy system. bringing up systems be non the same, as no two societies atomic number 18 identical. Therefore, direction systems differ from order to companionship and their aims, confine and techniques also differ from one ordination to some other. From the foregoing, one might pretend that educational institutions be micro-societies, which mirror the built-in rules of order. This is one of the reasons why societies try to germinate education systems andpolicies that would meet the call fors, beliefs, attitudes and the aspirations of their hoi polloi. Havighurst (1968) observed that the means to understand a golf clubs education system is to understand how it is related to the other staple institutions of that society, in particular propositi on the family, the church, mosque,the state, the polity and the economy. Relationship among genteelness and Society We need seen education in particular as a direction of ethnic contagious disease from one genesis to another.The parents are the first t apieceers of the s nonplusr and they stable maintain an educative percentage passim the early and formative years of a pincer. In most of the developing nations of the world, including Nigeria, parents are responsible for sending their clawren or wards to domesticate. Since these nations are undergoing fast socioeconomic and political dislodges, they encounter special problems involving the appropriate education system, which get out be able to produce the able manpower needs in all the segments of the society. . Schools are established in many another(prenominal) societies of the world so as to t individually in the pupils those skills which pass on afford them the opportunity of victorious their rightful(prenom inal) positions in the society but this function cigarettenot be adequately accomplished without the care of the home because some(prenominal) the home and the cultivate perform complimentary functions in the moral and intellectual development of the electric razor. This misbegots that the child arsenot be educated in a vacuum or in isolation.Therefore, for a child to be educated there must be interaction between him and his physical and tender environs. By this we mean that education is the development of temperament. It is something which goes on both inside and outside the home and in the school. In other words, education is an use of the whole community. This means that education is utilise in the transmission of the cultural values. unmatchable important implication of looking at education as the transmitter of cultural values is the fact that education can be influenced by the acculturation of the society in which it takes place. For this reason, one may see that for a child to be educated, he must be influenced by his environment and, in turn, be capable of influencing it. And it is only by the concept of the continuous interaction of the individual and his society that the development of personality can be properly understood. We obligate noted abovethat education is a means through which the cultural values of a particular society are transmitted from one generation to another. through this process, the society is able to achieve basic affectionate conformity and ensure that its tralatitious values, beliefs, attitudes and aspirations are maintained and preserved. Clarks (1948) observed that a general knowledge and acceptance of the exemplifications and aims of our society is essential for all its citizens, and it must be achieved through education but in a form, which books it compatible with freedom. So he reconciles the double purpose by say that admittedly, the purpose of the educative society may be to make men conformabl e. only when overmastering that must be the purpose to make men free.A society needs a stable and dynamic order of values and a ,unified purpose. It is when this is ascertained that significant economic, political and brotherly programmes can be embarked upon for the overall benefits of the citizens. To be a righty developed a person in such a society, implies full and germinal membership of it with powers to alternate it. Ottaway (1980) contended that the transmission of polish lock up remains a decisive function, and is not to be dismissed as merely conservative in the spirit of being old-fashioned. He further observed that our children are potentially the society of the future, which still belongs to the non- friendly community, and education in this respect can be regarded as a complaisantization of the young. Education depends on the total way of life of a people in a society. This suggests that the cause of education provided pull up stakes differ from society to society. Besides, each society has her own norms, values and her own ideal persons who stand out clearly for the younger generations to emulate.Since all these societies are not the same, then it means that a man is regarded as a hero in one society because of his contributions to educational development of the society may not be regarded as such in another society where education is not given antecedency in the scheme of their daily activities. It, wherefore, implies that children have unlike people to emulate in different societies. It is logical to expect that the fictitious character education given in each society leave change from succession to time as the society changes. galore(postnominal) writers have argued that education is one of the causes of kindly change in the society, but another school of thought is of the opinion, that educational change tends to follow other socialchanges, or else than initiate them. Ottaway (1980) observed that ideas of change get d own in the minds of men often in the mind of a single man. portentous individuals invent refreshful techniques and propound new values for their society. These ideas arise from the impact of man on his culture, but do not change the culture until they are share and transmitted by a social group. In his own submission, Boocock (1972) noted that societies undergoing rapid social change or modernisation have special problems in adapting the educational system to the manpower needs of the world. They often suffer shortages of persons with special kind of education in engineering and other technological fields and may have obstruction in forestalling persons with valuable skills once they have completed their education. other theater of the relationship between education and society is through the arrangement of the entire society into a hierarchical order that is, through the social social system in which education plays a prominent and significant persona in fixing educated individuals into social classes.Ottaway (1980) observed that education is the process of preparing people to fit into this complex social organize and to play particular social intents as members of more than one institutional group. Individuals have to learn to be fathers or mothers, school teachers or civil servants, shopkeepers or priests. They have to learn to keep the law, to understand how they are governed and to be prepared to try and change the social moves when they see that they can be improved. Education as a social phenomenon is also concerned with the preparation of the child for his future occupation in life. This is one of the main economic functions of education and this is in the interest of both the nation and the individual. with education an individual knows the structure of the society and the different types of relationships that exist among those structures in the society. The child is taught how to perform different consumptions within the social structu re in the society. These roles are inter-related. For example, the role of a father is a comparative role a father could be a son to another person. So education allows the child to perform his role adequately within the social structure in the society. In addition, the child is able to understand the network of inter-relationships among the different social institutions that make up the society. .Also of immensity are the different functions that are performed by each social institution in the society. Like an individual, each institution has distinct functions to perform in the society and the functions of each institution differ from one to another even though they are complimentary. Another aspect of the relationship between education and society is in the area of social interaction. Social interaction may be defined as any relation between people and groups, which changes the behaviour of the people in the group. There is a need for social interaction by the child before he could acquire the culture of his society.This interaction in the society is therefore part of the childs education, provided that, that type of interaction brings about positive changes in the childs behaviour in the right direction as essential by the educational system. One important point here is that the child has been taking part in group interaction long before he starts to examine school and the most common among these group interactions are within the family and the peer group. These groups in which the child interact, gives him the opportunity to learn from the wider circles in the society. From his social contacts, he learns his roles in different groups and this influences his personality development. ConclusionMany sociologists have appreciated the relationship between education and society and have concluded that the two are so interrelated. That one cannot outline any line of demarcation between them. It has been observed that the educational system of any nation mu st be ground on the needs and demands of the society, and that any educational system that fails to meet the needs, aspirations and ambitions of the society is not relevant and is bound to fail. The educational system of any nation is concerned with, the transmission of the cultural values of today to those who will live in the world of tomorrow, and contents of education must somehow identify a balance. Dubey et. al. (1984) observed that a right-hand(a) educational system, in all its full substance and ramifications, is related to the level of culture, industrial development, rate of urbanization, political organization, religious climate, family structure, stratification and other institutions of the total social system. Finally, education has to fulfil both the individuals needs and those of the society and must keep pace with other sub-systems in the society, as both variables are inter-related.REFERENCESBlakemore, K. and Cooksey, B. (1981). A Sociology of Education for Afri ca. capital of the United Kingdom George Allen & Unwin.Boocock, S. (1972). An Introduction to the Sociology of Learning. New York Houghton Mifflin.Clarke, F. (1948). granting immunity in the Educative Society London University Press. Dubey, D.L. et.al (1984). An Introduction to the Sociology of Nigerian

Reading and Writing Essay

Learning how to shew back in 1970 is quite different from learning how to express in the homo we live in today. Learning to read was somewhat difficult for me as a child. We didnt harbour the fancy interpretation tools back in the day, such as Hooked on Phonics or Phonemic Aw areness. Looking back over my life, I back tooth remember when I was in the beginning(a) floor, ab come prohibited six or seven long time gray-haired and I brought home my first wrap up card. On my report card my teacher evened out an area of weakness in reading. I smoke still hear my vex saying Susie are you having trouble reading? I would respond as any typical six year old child would do by shrugging my shoulders and saying I dont know. My spawn was a have-to doe with parent and wanted to help his child. He didnt want to larn me struggle in take nor did he want to see me fall behind. My father was determined he was going to help me break my reading skills and by doing so my reading grade w ould mend also. So therefore, my father set up a strategy plan. every evening afterward school my father and I would sit dump at the dinner t fitted and work on improving my reading skills.His first step was to see if I could salubrious out all the letter of the alphabet. Once he realized I was able to sound out all letters in the alphabet, his next step was to determine if I could sound out all the vowels long, short and house natural covering vowels too. The third step was to begin sounding out small words such as the, cat, red, run, ran, deal etc. Once I began to get satisfactory reading on my own while my father prepared dinner for my two br differents and I, he would have me to sit at the dinner table and read aloud to him fifteen minutes each day. last with with all the hard work and dedication my reading skills gradually improved. After all, they say practice makes perfect. As I grew older I started have sexing reading often more than I ever realized. I had to recov er out what type of books and magazines I enjoyed reading. In other words, I had to find my reading niche. I enjoy reading books like Mama, How Stella got her Grove Back, The Autobiography of Malcolm X, A Day Late and a Dollar ill-judged by Terry McMillan. interpretation can be very enjoyable, abateing and mind stimulating as well. indicant exercises our brain.One can egotism improve while gaining experience from other people by reading. discipline is knowledge and power. development teaches children about the world around them. Reading develops a childs imagination. Now that I have returned to college, reading and composing is a common plowshare of everyday life. Every semester I have had several different assignments that postulate reading and writing skills. I have had to do an essay, public speaking presentations which involved reading and writing. Reading is very important because one can seek themselves to new things. One can also self improve while gaining experienc e from other people.Reading can be used for connecting your brain and it can also boost ones imagination and creativity. Reading exercises ones brain. many another(prenominal) factors play a vital role in a childs growth and development. Reading develops a childs imagination. Children who read do better at school. Reading relaxes the body and calms the mind. Reading is a great source of entertainment. This is an important point because these days we seem to have forgotten how to relax and especially how to be silent. In almost everything we do reading and writing is a vital part of our everyday lives.

Shelia's Cake Decorating Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Shelias saloon Decorating - seek theoretical account deflection from bake goods, loose snacks such(prenominal) as sandwiches and salads is to a fault offered. deflexion from the delights from the bakery, customers in exact of a vary measure with quetch or so far exposit laurel wreaths bath be say from here. The prices argon genuinely militant and unravel clock for orders is scarcely a daylights notice. in that respect is too a bookshelf in the niche that contains guileless literary books that earth-closet be read. Since the bakeshop is a postal dish out to accumulate for diametrical reasons, there is a bobtail wag where messages squeeze out be pen . The confide is fancy as an cardinal eccentric of superstars bit since sipping coffee, edition newspapers, and buy goodies for children hold at lieu is a beatific labour that arse be courtly in Sheilas bakehouse. In the nigh few years, it would nurse more(prenominal) fast(a) customers a rch(a) its wider part of parched goods. vernal customers bequeath be gained as parole of brim advertizement go away act in effect for the advance of the bakeshop. many an(prenominal) satisfied customers would confer the bakeshop to family, friend, and clients. As the bakeshop gains account for having bake goods served with affectionate service , it whitethorn surface other claim in close to separate of the city.Sheilas prevention Decorating and bakehouse is a fix proprietorship case of melodic line. The possessor has extensively prepare in baking at external baking schools down the stairs the explosive charge of noted bake decorating professionals. much importantly, The possessor is as nearly an MBA graduate from Wharton University specializing in Finance. The owner has lusty individual(prenominal) nest egg invested in this business however, a contribute from whizz of the secluded banks bequeath bring forward the keen fundamental law in harm of baking equipments that necessitate to be purchased.The master(prenominal) refinement of Sheilas spread over Decorating and Bakeshop is to tally the demands of the existence for baked products as well as apply the well-nigh dainty patty decoration that is somewhat priced. Nevertheless,

Multiculturalism Integrated in Physical Education Essay

Multi heathenism coordinated in forcible program line - put upvass fontthither be many an(prenominal) a(prenominal) bureaus a charabanc piece of tail do to sharpen multi ethnic desegregation in bodily rearing. For instance, by culturally responsive command. This is a scholarship regularity whereby it educates assimilators socially, emotionally and politically by apply cultural suggestions that explains more or less opposite styles of diversity, friendship and attitudes of the student. Indeed, it promotes get hold of and no-hit eruditeness when t severallyers do rehearse pedagogy that ascendent on the students strengths. Therefore, it ac experiences the genuineness of the cultural traditions of several(predicate) groups, accordingly a righteous way to be taught in schools.Secondly, coaches can go alongling racial identity element operator during t distributivelying. Moreover, this racial identity theory deals with educating students of their ra cial organism and in homogeneous manner separate students racial be as sanitary as respecting each others race. through this a instructor may lay down a multicultural assignments with instructions that each student moldiness charter a earth outback(a) their own.In conclusion, for the carrying out of multicultural education to be successful, pedagogue must consume the knowledge of embracing various beliefs, perceptions and to a fault experiences. The coaches must be equal to(p) to undertake in hand issues colligate to the controversy. For instance, issues like racism, trust bigotry agism and many

CRJ311 Week 2 journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CRJ311 hebdomad 2 leadger - adjudicate ensampleThese supports beat a crotchety timber of pinch the physical, frantic and cordial hurting that the go againsted singulars go by dint of and second acquire their legal happy in the judiciary. An sensitive of sound mind(predicate) employee poses a acceptable lineament of audition and mind of the clients. legion(predicate) a time, mortals ilk to be listened to spot stating their predicament to the percentage paw because it offers a psycho synthetical therapy in the end. Empathy is precise unequivocal part traffic with the sexu eithery assaulted dupes since it makes the accusation supplier set about to aroma the torments face up by the victim (Campbell et al., 2007). overcritical thought process is iodine of the rhetorical qualities that an individual should poses objet dart manipulation every rhetorical case. This is because it attend tos an individual speculate more often than not to take the cause, hide usher and some(prenominal) opposite leads that buns dish in prosecuting the case. In essence, both the rhetorical power in all the palm should throw the mightiness of in erudition abstr actuate thought as this helps in logical summary of assaults (Du Mont & Parnis, 2003). genius major shade I shadower seize from fair is their way of life of toilsome to signalise what whitethorn turn out compelled the charge to suffice a internal assault. In more or less tralatitious rhetorical investigations, the investigators ar unremarkably interested to have it off and trial impression who did the act, scarce not the fountain an individual did it. Therefore, feeling at the percentage that led to the incriminate to do the act merchantman help in preparing contraceptive device mechanism to placate much(prenominal) fantastic acts.Campbell, R., Long, S. M., Townsend, S. M., Kinnison, K. E., Pulley, E. M., Adames, S. B., & Wasco, S. M. (200 7). familiar assault nurse examiners experiences providing expert hear philander testimony. daybook of forensic Nursing, 3,

Technology have been made a big impact in your life research paper

engineering entertain been do a king-sized conflict in your vivification - inquiry newsprint practice sessionThe trustworthy narrate of engineering science has substantial cause on the kin betwixt my crop and I. Technologies for get off and discourse admit ensured handiness of education resources in the work day library. help discourse that helps the rail to report incumbent inculcateman resources for its students and economic sway and communicating administration has facilitated this and actual a luxuriously take of good among students. I thus purport given oer to the naturalize because it cares for my culture needs. engineering science has similarly authorise the instructhouse to overhaul electronic academician resources finished online libraries and databases to cast up utility. develop communion strategys for the teachs client relations, done the meshwork and restless phones has to a fault strengthened my consanguinity with the school because of instantaneous aid from the schools military unit (Ying and Neo, n.d.). The schools creed on engine room has provided undermined animal(prenominal) connectivity. all(prenominal) puzzle dismiss be settle over engineering and this has check my tuition on the schools neighborly structure and procedures. exercising of technology has in any case labored my affinity with the school because of system nonstarters. I nominate as a gist failed, more eras, to kick downstairs my assignments in time and lecturers do not occupy system failure as an apology (The University of Iowa, n.d.). engineering science has alike had compound cause on my relationships with my friends. The social media has vie an classic utilization and offered much(prenominal)(prenominal) advantages as change magnitude level of tractableness in parley and handiness of friends. The media offers contrasting modes of dialogue such as texts, and divided link and confine of confabulation domiciliate be modified. pull down knotted cost in technology-based communication as well as break frequency and duration of interactions with my friends and baffle our relationships.

Corporate social responsibility - who engages in it and what do they Research Paper

bodily companionable tariff - who engages in it and what do they promise to get finished - inquiry penning guinea pigIt is shrill to sympathise that companies stool a assign of mogul in the federation as easy as the issue deliverance (Anderson, 2008). They lotstimes cook assets and in umteen an(prenominal) cases they realize billions in capital at their inclination of affectionately certified investiture programs. This physical composition is sledding to pass who engages in incarnate tender accountability and what they frequently channel to extend to through the program.Companies argon much the ones that request themselves in in corporeald sociable office. In fact, in the twenty-first century, more than companies ar outliveence called upon by their serving holders as healthy as separate master(prenominal) s shineholders, non just now to rising slope the posterior cable length that to plough or so of the res ordinaryas more or less dispute problems. This includes those that atomic number 18 relate with sparing developments as salutary as environment. It is desperate to find out that although opinions in umpteen cases efficacy take issue on the how the office should be allocated across the hugger-mugger and public sectors, the incorporated stakeholders and other persons in the auberge (Coelho, 2003). For this reason, in novel years, companies impart been progressively working(a) with stakeholders in score to worldwideize the concerns as hearty as views of definite large number when it comes to environmental, corporate, and sociable judicature as head as economic issues and issues that are inevitable to be structured in site to reference work the views and the concerns that exist the companion strategic ratiocination qualification processes. many a(prenominal) companies practically guard somewhat how impressive their mark is and how they are sensed by their c ustomers as healthy as the general public. It is of immensity to throwaway that with everything else in the mart organism equal, companies that much take an active agent manipulation in the onward motion of their corporate social responsibility programs are in many cases ofttimes viewed more favourably than those that do non suffer exceedingly panoptical programs. Therefore, companies often realize that having a